BRENTANO: TRUE FATHER OF PHENOMENOLOGY

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BRENTANO: TRUE FATHER OF PHENOMENOLOGY:
For post-modern thought, we would situate Franz Brentano between David Hume’s empiricism and Edmund Husserl’s phenomenology. With what he labeled “Empirical-Psychology”. The concept of phenomenology had not emerged yet, but basically empirical-psychology equals “phenomenology”. Husserl, in an act of true recognition, stated that his thought directly evolved out of the work of Brentano. That’s a powerful recommendation.
In essence, rather than taking Hegel as the supplier of the psychological-structure for post-modern thought; we should give that honor to Brentano. Hegel contributes to it later.
Brentano’s work was criticized for being inaccessible and abstract, but we have the luxury of years of additional dialogue. For any serious student of post-modern thought, this manuscript should be quite accessible. I thought it read “smoothly”; actually easier to assimilate than I had imagined.
The huge benefit from Brentano will be the steps he articulates leading up to the copying of the thought-picture to the cognitive-consciousness. He inserts Aristotle’s dokounta-threshold as a mediation prior to copying which is important, and neglected by almost all other post-modern writers (except Beaufret).
Brentano also includes the moment of “counter-blow”, or the fringe contribution of previous cognitive work, used as a filter when considering sensory phenomena. He says this is the “static-body-state” as applied in an imaginative way to sensation in order to create the first feeling-percept phenomena.
From there we pass through the recollective act of considering prior thought-representations of the logic-of-causality, in order to move on to forming a preliminary thought-picture. This is when we form “mental-phenomena” from “physical-phenomena” by addressing the “intentional” content of objectivity in its “presentation”.
From here, we take the important step of approaching the dokounta-threshold and engaging in the work of “partitioning” categories and “measuring” the intensive-magnitude of phenomena. The thought-picture evolves to deeper significance. Then it is copied to cognitive-consciousness.
The overall triad is simply: sensation; imagination; and cognition. And the overall methodology is simply: “induction of unconsciousness”; “deduction of cognitive work”; and “verification of posited result".

Easily "5" stars; and highly recommended; remember Husserl's recommendation.

HUME SETS THE POST MODERN STRUCTURE: OVER 200 YEARS AGO

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276 YEARS LATER AND THIS TREATISE “SHINES” FOR POST-MODERNS:
Kant stated that David Hume was the philosopher who woke him up! Hume wrote the “treatise on human nature” when he was only 27 years old and studying in France at the college of La Fleche’. He wrote it from 1734 to 1737. But this is an individual who began serious study at the age of 16. The “Treatise” was considered too abstract and not accessible and therefore was poorly reviewed. But after all of the post-modern research that has gone on, as of late; this treatise is certainly accessible to post-modern enthusiasts. Hume is one of the foundational-figures of post-modern thinking. His work finally receives its “due”. As an empiricist in the full-sense of the word; Hume emphasizes “impressions” over “ideas”. He also emphasizes the transition from “simple” to “complex”. On the unconscious side, “complex-impressions” means “thought-picture” of meaning. On the cognitive side, “complex-ideas” means “system”. Hume is big on the experiential methodology of “annexation & extension”, which we enable through associative work and the logic-of-causation.
The “kindle” brings this masterpiece to every enthusiast for 99 cents. Amazing; and the contents are functional for navigating, the major headings.
I feel every serious thinker should have his work in their library. In digital-form, it is absurd not to own it. Hume is getting attention in the 21st century and deservedly so. You will not be disappointed; enjoy. 5 big stars and 5 big thank you’s for digital availability.

HEGEL THROUGH THE EYES OF HEIDEGGER: 1930

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This lecture series was given by Heidegger in 1930 and ended up being a world-event that changed the way we appropriate Hegel. These lectures were later picked by the French post-modern movement. Therefore this book is a substrate of essential significance for all post-modern thought; and every post-modern writer. I’ll give you the post-modern “moments” according to Heidegger’s reading: 1. Sensual-intuition; 2. Absolving-gaze; 3. Dialegesthai-unity; 4. Dialectic-hermeneutic;. Axis-logic; 5. Thinking-meaning; 6. Understanding-logos; 7. Self-consciousness-judgment; 8. Reason-as-absolute-spirit/at composition threshold.
Take your time and absorb these profound lectures. This is the work that changed 21st century thinking. Heidegger was the “bridge” between Husserl and Hegel. An extremely important “bridge”. This is 5 stars or more; and it is required reading for anyone interested in thought for the emerging post-modern position. Please enjoy a masterful lecture series

HUSSERL: AND HIS FOUR MODALITIES OF BEING

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Edmund Husserl is considered the father of phenomenology, and also as a major contributor to the substrate of post- modern philosophy. Without a doubt, his thought in “Ideas” is profoundly evident as the structure for much of Heidegger’s, Ponty’s, and Beaufret’s thought. Therefore, any student of post-modern thought will find this manuscript absolutely essential to read and assimilate. Assimilating the material may take some doing. Husserl is difficult; but not impossible. He is just extremely detailed, and you must carefully track his concepts and their use.

Husserl tells us that the study of “Being” cannot begin until after the pure-experience work of describing “modalities-of-being”. Then the self may transition to the study of “being”. To assist the reader, I will give you the “4” modalities of his procedure. Keep these in mind as you read: 1. the “primordial-modality” of “epoche” (suspension of conceptualization); 2. The remembrance-modality of the “noetic”; 3. The imaginative-modality of the “eidetic”; and 4. The signifying-modality of the “doxic”.

PONTY: CO-FOUNDER OF POST-MODERN MOVEMENT

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CO-FOUNDER OF THE POST-MODERN MOVEMENT IN FRANCE:
Merleau-Ponty, along with Beaufret, introduced Heidegger to France; and introduced him in a unique post-modern way that spawned an entire school of thought. Because of the significance of this result; this manuscript must be considered one of the most significant for the 20th century. It has shaped 21st century thinking profoundly.
Whereas Beaufret emphasized the “dokounta-threshold” of Aristotle; Merleau-Ponty concentrates on the three transcendental-moments at the “threshold-of-being”. This is the AXIS of his dialectic between centripetal-force and centrifugal-force. 

A REFINED ARTICULATION OF "SITE-OF-WITHDRAWAL" - BEAUFRET

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REVISED GLOSSARY FOR SITE-OF-WITHDRAWAL:

1.        PHUSIS:  our word “physics” applies here.  Specifically used by Aristotle for depicting the physiological situation, with its internal tensions of:  phantasia and peras.

2.       PHANTASIA:  the obscurity of appearances that conceal the emerging peras-moment.

3.       PERAS:  literally means “limit” or limit-point.  But, for Aristotle, the limit-point is a moment of reaching threshold and “manifestation” of spirit.

4.       DUNAMIS:  literally means “force”; but for post-moderns this would represent an event's potential for speaking existentially to us; or its “phonological-force”.

5.       ENERGIA:  the actual “appearing” or manifestation of the “event”, at the “limit-point”.

6.       SPHERE OF “EXTENSION”:  the foreground of the event which presents to the self the: “en-doxa-signs” & additionally; the “a-doxa” aspects of non-being.

7.       SPHERE OF IMPRESSION:  the overlapping sphere of the self’s step toward the dokounta-threshold &  the event’s foreground.  This is where the self  appropriates the “eidos” of the event.

8.       EIDOS:  literally “form”, but for Aristotle it is inherently present in the appearing of the dunamis and energia of the event emerging out of “phusis”.  The bulging “sign-gestures” allow us to create a thought-picture of “form”.  To become conceptual in consciousness.

9.       KATEGORIA/APOLOGIA:  the composition-threshold in consciousness involves engaging in dialogue in order to form “spirit-architecture”. We share categories that abbreviate sub-systems of concepts. 

10.   SUSPENSION:  the realm of “suspension exists somewhere between our “turn” back to the unconscious, and the taking-up of the tangent-like-glance of unveiling signs.  This suspended moment is a temporary filtering out of unwanted concepts and a re-gathering of deeper intelligence.

BEAUFRET - APPROACHING GREEK PHILOSOPHY FROM A POST-MODERN VIEW

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GLOSSARY FOR BEAUFRET’S DIALOGUE WITH HEIDEGGER:

1.        PSYCHE:  the unconscious mind where “Sophia” wisdom of unveiling “doxa-signs” takes place.

2.       THEOREO:  the work of philosophy in consciousness.  Articulating the singularity enclosing the doxa-signs.

3.       KATHOLOU:  to unify completely.  Employing language to “name” the signs and using the “participle” which includes noun and verb. 

4.       KOSMOS:  inward adornment of ordered reality.  Articulating the “height-of-radiance” of doxa-signs.  The category that abbreviates the other concepts.

5.       KOINOS-LOGOS:  a shared common structuring according to “logos”.  “Being”, taking on the aspect of “spirit”; the most common and the most-separate united together.

6.       HARMODZO:  to fit one element of event into the other existing event-whole.  A metaphysic of harmony.

7.       DOUKOUNTA:  presentation of situation to the “senses” as “event” of spirit.

8.       ALETHIA:  the unveiled truth that reveals structuring of spirit known as kosmos.

9.       BEBAIOS:  the enduring ground of spirit that is at work in the “site-of-withdrawal”.